Why Jesus Apologetics

9. And call no man your father on earth, for you have one Father, who is in heaven.10. Neither be called instructors, for you have one instructor, the Christ.

Introduction

Have you ever heard someone quote Jesus’ words in Matthew 23:9, “And call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your Father, which is in heaven,” to argue against calling priests “Father” or even using the term for biological dads? This verse is often pulled out of context to make a point, but what was Jesus actually saying? By examining the Greek word used, the cultural setting, and the broader message of the passage, we can uncover the true meaning behind this teaching. In this post, we’ll explore how Jesus wasn’t banning the word “father” but was instead addressing issues of pride, authority, and the ultimate fatherhood of God. Let’s dive in!

The Passage in Context: Matthew 23

1. Then Jesus said to the crowds and to his disciples,2. “The scribes and the Pharisees sit on Moses’ seat,3. so do and observe whatever they tell you, but not the works they do. For they preach, but do not practice.4. They tie up heavy burdens, hard to bear, and lay them on people’s shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to move them with their finger.5. They do all their deeds to be seen by others. For they make their phylacteries broad and their fringes long,6. and they love the place of honor at feasts and the best seats in the synagogues7. and greetings in the marketplaces and being called rabbi by others.8. But you are not to be called rabbi, for you have one teacher, and you are all brothers.9. And call no man your father on earth, for you have one Father, who is in heaven.10. Neither be called instructors, for you have one instructor, the Christ.11. The greatest among you shall be your servant.12. Whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted.

Matthew 23:1-12 ESV

To understand Matthew 23:9, we need to zoom out and look at the entire chapter. Matthew 23 records Jesus’ scathing critique of the Pharisees and scribes, the religious leaders of his day. He calls them out for their hypocrisy, saying they “do not practice what they preach” (v. 3) and love being honored with prominent seats and titles (v. 6–7). In verses 8–10, Jesus specifically addresses three titles: “Rabbi” (teacher), “Father,” and “Master” (leader). He instructs his disciples not to use these titles for themselves or others, emphasizing that God alone is the ultimate Teacher, Father, and Leader.

The context is key: Jesus is speaking to a crowd and his disciples about the dangers of seeking human glory and authority. The Pharisees and scribes used titles to elevate themselves above others, craving recognition rather than serving humbly. Jesus’ words in verse 9 are part of this broader warning against prideful leadership.

The Greek Word for “Father”

Let’s get to the heart of the matter: the Greek word translated as “father” in Matthew 23:9 is pater. In Greek, pater can refer to a biological father, but it also carries metaphorical meanings, such as a spiritual leader, ancestor, or someone in a position of authority. For example, in the New Testament, pater is used for God (Matthew 6:9, “Our Father in heaven”), biological fathers (Ephesians 6:4), and even figuratively for figures like Abraham (John 8:39).

In Matthew 23:9, pater does not refer to biological fathers but to those who set themselves up as spiritual authorities, demanding honor and allegiance. The Pharisees and scribes loved being seen as authoritative “fathers” of the faith, akin to revered patriarchs. Jesus is challenging this mindset, pointing to God as the only true spiritual Father. This interpretation aligns with the parallel warnings against calling anyone “Rabbi” or “Master,” which were also titles of religious authority.

Cultural and Religious Context

In first-century Judaism, religious leaders like the Pharisees held significant influence. They were often addressed with honorific titles that signified their wisdom and authority. “Rabbi” meant “my great one” or “teacher,” while “Father” implied a revered spiritual guide, much like a patriarch who founded a school of thought. These titles weren’t just polite terms; they were markers of status, used to elevate leaders above the common people.

Jesus, however, flips this cultural norm on its head. Throughout his ministry, he emphasizes humility and servanthood (e.g., Matthew 20:26–28). In Matthew 23, he critiques the Pharisees for seeking titles to boost their egos rather than to serve God’s people. By saying “call no man your father,” Jesus isn’t banning the word but warning against giving human leaders the kind of reverence and authority that belongs to God alone.

What Jesus Was Not Saying

It’s important to clarify what Jesus was not saying. He wasn’t forbidding the use of “father” for biological parents. The Bible commands us to “honor your father and mother” (Exodus 20:12), and Jesus himself upholds this (Matthew 15:4). Nor was he prohibiting the term in a spiritual sense entirely. For example, Paul refers to himself as a spiritual “father” to the Corinthians (1 Corinthians 4:15), and early Christians used “Father” for bishops and priests as a sign of respect, not divine authority.

The issue isn’t the word itself but the attitude behind it. Jesus is addressing those who crave titles to exalt themselves, not the respectful use of “father” in family or church contexts. So, calling a priest “Father” or your dad “Father” doesn’t violate Jesus’ teaching, as long as it doesn’t replace the ultimate honor due to God.

What Jesus Was Saying

So, what was Jesus getting at? His point is clear: God is the ultimate Father, the source of all authority, wisdom, and life. Human leaders, no matter how wise or respected, are not to take God’s place. By telling his disciples not to call anyone “Father” in the sense of ultimate spiritual authority, Jesus is calling for humility and equality among his followers. No one should seek titles for self-glorification or demand the kind of allegiance that belongs to God alone.

This teaching ties into Jesus’ broader message in Matthew 23:11–12: “The greatest among you will be your servant. For those who exalt themselves will be humbled, and those who humble themselves will be exalted.” The Pharisees’ obsession with titles reflected their pride; Jesus calls his followers to a different way—servanthood and dependence on God.

Application for Today

What does this mean for us today? In our modern world, titles like “Pastor,” “Reverend,” or even “Father” in religious contexts can still carry weight. While these titles aren’t inherently wrong, Jesus’ words challenge us to examine our hearts. Are we using titles to serve others or to seek recognition? Do we elevate human leaders to a place that overshadows God’s authority?

This teaching also applies beyond religious settings. In workplaces, communities, or even social media, people often chase titles, status, or influence to feel important. Jesus reminds us that true greatness lies in humility and service, not in being called “Father,” “Boss,” or “Influencer.” As believers, we’re called to point others to God, our ultimate Father, rather than seeking glory for ourselves.

Conclusion

Jesus’ words in Matthew 23:9 aren’t a blanket ban on calling anyone “father” but a powerful call to humility and a reminder of God’s unique fatherhood. By understanding the Greek word pater and the cultural context, we see that Jesus was addressing the Pharisees’ prideful use of titles to exalt themselves. For us today, this teaching challenges us to check our motives, avoid self-exaltation, and honor God as our ultimate Father. As you reflect on this passage, consider how you view authority and titles in your life. Let’s approach Scripture with humility, seeking to understand its true meaning and apply it to our hearts.

Have you ever misunderstood a Bible verse because of its context? Share your thoughts in the comments below, and let’s discuss how we can grow in understanding God’s Word together!